tawba

Tawba means repentance and turning back to Allah. These articles look at it through the stories of Adam, Yunus and Ka’b ibn Malik.

  • Adam and the Forbidden Tree: The Qur’an’s First Story of Repentance

    Adam and the Forbidden Tree: The Qur’an’s First Story of Repentance

    The story of Prophet Adam and the forbidden tree is the first account in the Qur’an of a human being who slips and then turns back to God. It is told in three surahs: al-Baqarah, al-A’raf and Ta-Ha.

    This is day two of our Qur’an Stories series. Day one told how Iblis refused to bow to Adam out of pride. We read the verses on Quran.com in the Saheeh International translation and follow the explanation of Ibn Kathir. This is a reflection on meaning, not a ruling.

    Quick answer

    Short answer: God told Adam, “dwell, you and your wife, in Paradise and eat therefrom in [ease and] abundance from wherever you will. But do not approach this tree” (Qur’an 2:35). Satan whispered to them and swore he was a sincere adviser. They ate, realised their mistake and said, “Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves” (7:23). God accepted Adam’s repentance and sent them down to earth with a promise of guidance.

    Where the story appears in the Qur’an

    Key takeaways

    • The garden, the slip and the words of repentance: 2:35-39, in Surah al-Baqarah.
    • Satan’s whisper, his oath and Adam’s prayer: 7:19-25, in Surah al-A’raf.
    • The forgotten promise and “the tree of eternity”: 20:115-123, in Surah Ta-Ha.
    • Lesson: a slip followed by sincere repentance becomes a return to God.

    Life in the garden

    After the angels’ prostration, God gave Adam and his wife a home of ease. In Surah Ta-Ha He describes it: “Indeed, it is [promised] for you not to be hungry therein or be unclothed. And indeed, you will not be thirsty therein or be hot from the sun” (20:118-119).

    Ibn Kathir, in his tafsir of 20:115, notes that these pairs cover inner and outer hardship alike.

    There was only one limit. “Do not approach this tree, lest you be among the wrongdoers” (7:19). Ibn Kathir describes this command as a test.

    Which tree was it?

    The Qur’an does not name the tree, and neither does the authentic Sunnah. Older commentators suggested grapes, wheat, figs and other plants, so scholars differ. Ibn Kathir, in his tafsir of 2:35, agrees with Ibn Jarir al-Tabari that the correct view is that we do not know. The name of Adam’s wife, Hawwa’, likewise comes from hadith and tafsir, not the Qur’an.

    The whisper

    Satan did not attack in the open. “Satan whispered to them,” the Qur’an says, and he offered them something that sounded good: “Your Lord did not forbid you this tree except that you become angels or become of the immortal” (7:20). In Ta-Ha he calls it “the tree of eternity and possession that will not deteriorate” (20:120).

    Then he added an oath: “Indeed, I am to you from among the sincere advisors” (7:21). Ibn Kathir comments in his tafsir of 7:20 that a believer can sometimes be taken in by deceit, especially when it is sworn in God’s name.

    What God saidWhat Satan said
    About the tree“Do not approach this tree”It brings eternity and a kingdom that never fades
    About Satan“Indeed this is an enemy to you”“I am to you from among the sincere advisors”
    God’s word and Satan’s whisper

    The slip

    “So he made them fall, through deception” (7:22). As soon as they tasted the tree, “their private parts became apparent to them, and they began to fasten together over themselves from the leaves of Paradise.”

    Surah Ta-Ha names the slip directly: “And Adam disobeyed his Lord and erred” (20:121). It also gives its cause: “We had already taken a promise from Adam before, but he forgot; and We found not in him determination” (20:115).

    The words of repentance

    Here is the point where Adam’s story parts from the story of Iblis. Iblis argued and asked for a delay. Adam and his wife admitted the wrong at once: “Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy upon us, we will surely be among the losers” (7:23).

    Surah al-Baqarah says, “Then Adam received from his Lord [some] words, and He accepted his repentance. Indeed, it is He who is the Accepting of Repentance, the Merciful” (2:37). In his tafsir of 2:37, Ibn Kathir reports that many early scholars, among them Mujahid, Sa’id ibn Jubayr and Qatadah, said these “words” were the prayer of 7:23. Other reports give different wording, so scholars differ on the exact words, but they agree that God taught them and then accepted them.

    How the return unfolds in the verses

    1

    Admit: “we have wronged ourselves” (7:23).

    2

    Ask: for forgiveness and mercy, naming the loss without it.

    3

    Receive: God gives the words and accepts the repentance (2:37).

    4

    Be chosen: “Then his Lord chose him and turned to him in forgiveness and guided [him]” (20:122).

    Down to earth, with guidance

    The descent to earth came with a promise. “Go down from it, all of you. And when guidance comes to you from Me, whoever follows My guidance – there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve” (2:38). Earth would be “a place of settlement and provision for a time” (2:36): “Therein you will live, and therein you will die, and from it you will be brought forth” (7:25).

    What we leave out

    Some older books add details from Israiliyat (reports from earlier traditions), such as how Satan entered the garden or where on earth Adam and his wife landed. These cannot be confirmed, so this series keeps to what the Qur’an says and what Ibn Kathir explains from it.

    Lessons for the traveller of the heart

    Adam’s story is the hopeful twin of the story of Iblis. Both disobeyed a command. One defended himself; the other said “we have wronged ourselves.”

    Tip

    Tonight, try the prayer of 7:23 after a short muhasaba. For how the Sufi masters describe the stages of turning back, see Qushayri on repentance (tawba).

    FAQ

    Where is the story of Adam and the forbidden tree in the Qur’an?

    The main passages are 2:35-39, 7:19-25 and 20:115-123.

    What did Adam say when he repented?

    The Qur’an gives the prayer: “Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy upon us, we will surely be among the losers” (7:23).

    Last checked: 23 October 2026 (Asia/Riyadh) against Qur’an 2:35-39, 7:19-25 and 20:115-123 (Saheeh International translation) and Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Abridged) for 2:35, 2:37, 7:20 and 20:115. Educational reflection only, not a religious ruling.

  • The Dua of Yunus in the Qur’an: A Reflection on 21:87-88

    The Dua of Yunus in the Qur’an: A Reflection on 21:87-88

    Some duas in the Qur’an are long. The one associated with the Prophet Yunus (peace be upon him) is very short, and many Muslims know it by heart. It is a sentence of praise and honest admission, spoken from the deepest kind of darkness.

    This post reads the verses where it appears, two related passages, and two hadith with their gradings as listed on Sunnah.com. It is a reflection on meaning and practice, not a ruling.

    Quick answer

    Short answer: In Qur’an 21:87, Yunus, called “the man of the fish”, calls out within the darknesses: “There is no deity except You; exalted are You. Indeed, I have been of the wrongdoers.” The next verse says Allah responded to him and saved him from distress, “and thus do We save the believers” (Saheeh International translation).

    What the verses say

    Surah al-Anbiya mentions Yunus as Dhun-Nun, “the man of the fish”. Verse 21:87 says he “went off in anger” and then “called out within the darknesses”.

    The words of his call, as given in the Arabic text on Quran.com, are:

    لَّآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّآ أَنتَ سُبْحَـٰنَكَ إِنِّى كُنتُ مِنَ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ

    Lā ilāha illā anta subḥānaka innī kuntu mina ẓ-ẓālimīn: “There is no deity except You; exalted are You. Indeed, I have been of the wrongdoers.”

    Verse 21:88 follows: “So We responded to him and saved him from the distress. And thus do We save the believers.”

    Key takeaways

    • Where: Surah al-Anbiya 21:87-88, with the story also in Surah as-Saffat 37:139-148.
    • Three parts: a declaration of tawhid, a glorification of Allah, and an admission of one’s own wrong.
    • A reminder of patience: Qur’an 68:48 tells the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ to be patient and not be like “the companion of the fish”.
    • Graded hadith: Jami’ at-Tirmidhi 3505 is graded Sahih (Darussalam).

    The wider story in Surah as-Saffat

    Surah as-Saffat gives more detail. Verse 37:142 says the fish swallowed him “while he was blameworthy”. Verses 37:143-144 then say that had he not been “of those who exalt Allah”, he would have remained inside it “until the Day they are resurrected”.

    The verses go on to describe his release and his return to his people. Read together, the passages place remembrance and glorification of Allah at the centre of the story.

    Three parts of one sentence

    Read slowly, this short dua turns out to be remarkably complete. You do not need a long speech to turn back to Allah.

    PartWordsWhat it teaches
    Tawhid“There is no deity except You”Turning to Allah alone in difficulty
    Glorification“Exalted are You”Praise comes before any request
    Admission“I have been of the wrongdoers”Honesty about oneself, the heart of tawba
    The three parts of the dua

    Notice that the dua does not list demands. It praises Allah and admits fault. Many readers find that this simple order, praise first and honesty next, is itself a lesson in adab with Allah.

    What the hadith add

    In Jami’ at-Tirmidhi 3505, Sa’d reports that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ described this as “the supplication of Dhun-Nun” in the belly of the whale, and said that no Muslim supplicates with it for anything except that Allah responds to him. The grade listed for it is Sahih (Darussalam) (Tirmidhi 3505).

    How and when a response comes is with Allah. This post makes no promise of particular worldly results; it simply shares the narration and its grading.

    In Sahih al-Bukhari 3395, Ibn ‘Abbas reports the Prophet ﷺ saying that one should not say “I am better than Yunus bin Matta” (Bukhari 3395). The story of a moment of weakness does not lower Yunus; the Prophet ﷺ himself guarded his honour.

    A note on respect

    Yunus is one of the prophets of Allah. Reflection on his story is about our own lessons, never about judging him. This is why sufitraveler does not illustrate prophets or the scenes of their lives.

    Bringing it into daily dhikr

    You do not need special conditions to remember this dua. A few gentle ways people keep it close:

    Simple ways to keep the dua close

    1

    Learn the meaning first: read 21:87-88 slowly in a translation you trust, so the words carry their sense.

    2

    Pair it with a daily moment: after a prayer, before sleep, or when you feel overwhelmed.

    3

    Say it with presence: a few times said with attention is better than many said in a rush.

    4

    Let it lead to tawba: the third phrase is an invitation to honest self-accounting, as in our post on muhasaba.

    Tip

    If you are new to regular dhikr, our guide to the etiquette of remembrance has simple, mainstream adab that pairs well with this dua.

    A reflection for hard days

    The Qur’an says Yunus called out “within the darknesses”. Many readers see in this a picture of the times when every door seems closed. The verses do not ask for eloquence in those moments. They show a servant who praises, admits and turns.

    That is something anyone can do, in any language, at any hour. The words are short enough to say in one breath.

    FAQ

    Where is the dua of Yunus in the Qur’an?

    In Surah al-Anbiya, verse 21:87.

    What does “Dhun-Nun” mean?

    It means “the one of the fish”, a name for Yunus used in the Qur’an. Saheeh International renders it “the man of the fish”.

    Is the hadith about this dua authentic?

    Jami’ at-Tirmidhi 3505 is graded Sahih (Darussalam). For questions of practice, ask a qualified scholar you trust.

    Last checked: 20 October 2026 (Asia/Riyadh) against Qur’an 21:87-88, 37:142-144 and 68:48 (Saheeh International translation and Arabic text), Jami’ at-Tirmidhi 3505 and Sahih al-Bukhari 3395, as listed in Sources. Educational reflection only, not a religious ruling.

  • The Story of Ka’b ibn Malik: How Telling the Truth Saved Him

    The Story of Ka’b ibn Malik: How Telling the Truth Saved Him

    Some of the strongest teachings on truthfulness are told as stories. The story of Ka’b ibn Malik, a Companion of the Prophet (peace be upon him) from Madinah, is one of the longest first-person narrations in the hadith collections. He tells it himself: the worst failure of his life, and how one truthful answer turned it into his greatest blessing.

    It complements our introduction to sidq (truthfulness) in classical Sufi teaching, which explains the principle; here we see it lived.

    Quick answer

    Short answer: Ka’b ibn Malik stayed behind from the expedition of Tabuk without any excuse. When the Prophet (peace be upon him) returned, more than eighty men offered false excuses, but Ka’b told the plain truth. He and two others were left waiting for fifty nights, shunned by the community, until Allah revealed that their repentance was accepted (Qur’an 9:117-119). The narration is in Sahih al-Bukhari 4418 and Sahih Muslim 2769.

    The sources

    About this narration

    • Narrator: Ka’b ibn Malik, through his son ‘Abdullah.
    • Collections: Sahih al-Bukhari 4418 and Sahih Muslim 2769, both from the two most authoritative hadith collections.
    • Qur’an: the verses about the three who were left behind are in Surat al-Tawbah, 9:117-119.
    • Grading: sahih; both collections are accepted as authentic by Sunni scholars.

    The retelling below is in our own words; the few direct quotes are marked and attributed.

    Putting it off

    Ka’b opens by admitting that he had no excuse. At the time of Tabuk he was better off than ever, owning two riding camels. The journey ahead was long and the heat was fierce, so the Prophet (peace be upon him) told everyone plainly where they were going, so that they could get ready.

    Ka’b fully intended to go. Day after day he set out to prepare and came home with nothing done, reassuring himself: “I can do that” (Sahih al-Bukhari 4418, sunnah.com translation). The army marched out, he kept putting it off, and in the end the chance was gone.

    The moment of choice

    When he heard the Prophet (peace be upon him) was on his way back, Ka’b started rehearsing excuses. But as the Prophet came closer, the excuses fell away. He realised a lie would never get him out of this, and he made up his mind to tell the truth.

    Over eighty men came with excuses and oaths, which were accepted at face value.

    Then it was Ka’b’s turn. Asked why he had stayed behind, he admitted that he was skilled with words and could have talked his way out of trouble with anyone else. But a lie told now, he said, would be exposed by Allah before long, while the truth, however unwelcome today, left room to hope for forgiveness. Then he said simply: “Really, by Allah, there was no excuse for me” (Sahih al-Bukhari 4418, sunnah.com translation).

    The Prophet (peace be upon him) replied: “As regards this man, he has surely told the truth. So get up till Allah decides your case” (Sahih al-Bukhari 4418, sunnah.com translation).

    Pressure to take the easy way

    That was not the end of the test. Men from his own clan went after him and scolded him: why hadn’t he offered an excuse like everyone else and let the Prophet’s prayer for forgiveness cover him?

    What kept him firm was hearing that two others had answered the same way: Murara ibn al-Rabi’ and Hilal ibn Umayya, both veterans of Badr. Their example kept him from changing his answer.

    Fifty nights

    The community was told not to speak to the three men. Ka’b still went to the prayers and the market, though no one spoke to him.

    In the middle of this, a letter came from the king of Ghassan, offering him a warm welcome if he would come over. Ka’b’s reaction was: “This is also a sort of a test” (Sahih al-Bukhari 4418, sunnah.com translation). He put the letter into an oven and burned it.

    Relief at dawn

    On the fiftieth morning, Ka’b prayed Fajr on a rooftop, feeling that the whole world had closed in around him. Then a man shouted from the hill of Sala’, telling him to rejoice. Ka’b fell down in prostration.

    Allah had accepted their repentance. In our own paraphrase, Qur’an 9:118 speaks of the three who were left behind: the earth, wide as it is, felt tight to them and so did their own souls, until they understood that the only refuge from Allah is with Allah, and He turned to them in mercy. The next verse tells believers to be mindful of Allah and stay with the truthful (Qur’an 9:117-119).

    When Ka’b reached the Prophet (peace be upon him), he was told that this was the best day he had known since the day he was born.

    What Ka’b took from it

    Ka’b’s own conclusion is the heart of the story: “Allah has saved me for telling the truth; so it is a part of my repentance not to tell but the truth as long as I am alive” (Sahih al-Bukhari 4418, sunnah.com translation).

    He set his own case beside that of the men who had sworn false oaths, whom the Qur’an describes in 9:95-96. Other than being guided to Islam, he said, no blessing in his life was greater than not having lied that day.

    Lessons for everyday life

    Living the lesson

    1

    Watch the small delays. Ka’b’s failure began with putting things off until tomorrow. Notice where you are postponing what you know you should do.

    2

    Own it plainly. When you have fallen short, the first step is an honest account, without polishing.

    3

    Accept that truth may cost something now. Ka’b chose short-term difficulty over a lie that would have followed him.

    4

    Stay with good company. Find people whose example holds you steady when others push you towards the easy way.

    These lessons fit closely with the classical teaching on truthfulness, especially what al-Ghazali calls truth in resolve and in fulfilling it, and with muhasaba, the practice of self-accounting.

    Study with a teacher

    This post retells an authentic narration and draws general lessons. It is not a ruling on any question of law. For detailed explanation of the narration and its rulings, study with a qualified teacher.

    FAQ

    Where is the story of Ka’b ibn Malik found?

    In Sahih al-Bukhari 4418 and Sahih Muslim 2769, narrated by Ka’b himself through his son ‘Abdullah.

    Last checked: 14 October 2026 against the Sahih al-Bukhari 4418, Sahih Muslim 2769 and Qur’an references linked above. Educational retelling only, not a religious ruling.